Which term refers to data gathered through systematic observation or measurement?

Which term refers to data gathered through systematic observation or measurement?

• A. Opinion
• B. Empirical Evidence
• C. Anecdote
• D. Research Problem

Answer: (B)

Data gathered through systematic observation or measurement is called empirical evidence. This kind of data comes from careful, repeatable methods—observations, measurements, experiments—that others could replicate and verify. It contrasts with opinion, which is a belief not grounded in measured data; anecdotes, which are single stories that may not reflect broader patterns; and a research problem, which is the question guiding a study rather than a type of data. In social science, empirical evidence is what lets researchers draw conclusions about how the world works because it rests on observable, testable information rather than personal views or isolated instances.

Data gathered through systematic observation or measurement is called empirical evidence. This kind of data comes from careful, repeatable methods—observations, measurements, experiments—that others could replicate and verify. It contrasts with opinion, which is a belief not grounded in measured data; anecdotes, which are single stories that may not reflect broader patterns; and a research problem, which is the question guiding a study rather than a type of data. In social science, empirical evidence is what lets researchers draw conclusions about how the world works because it rests on observable, testable information rather than personal views or isolated instances.